Machine for justifying typographic impressions



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(No Model.)

I. RISLEY.

MACHINE FOR JUSTIFYING TYPOGRAPHIC IMPRESSIONS.

N0. 588,087. P8 811888 Aug. 10,1897.

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MACHINE FOR JUSTIFYING TYPOGRAPHIG IMPRESSIONS.

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No. 588,087. Patented Aug. 10,1897.

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6 Sheets-Sheet 4. I. RISL-EY. MACHINE FOR JUSTIPYING TYPOGRAPHIG IMPRESSIONS.

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I. RISLEY. MACHINE FOR JUSTIFYING TYPOGRAPHIG IMPRESSIONS.

No. 588,087. 8 Patented Aug. 10,1897.

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I. RISLEY. MACHINE FOR JUSTIFYING TYPOGRAPHIC IMPRESSIONS.

No. 588,087. Patented Aug. 10,1897.

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UNITED STATES PATENT GEE-ICE.

ISAAC RISLEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO JOSEPH H. BURTON, TRUSTEE, OF ATLANTIC, CITY, NE\V JERSEY.

MACHINE FOR JUSTIFYING TYPOGRAPHIC IMPRESSIONS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 588,087, dated August 10, 1897.

Application filed June 6,1889. se N- 313,286. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ISAAC RISLEY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York city, New York, have invented an Improved Machine for Typographical Purposes,

of which the following is a specification. The object of my invention is to record or register the number of word-spaces and of units in a line of printed or type-written mat- I) ter during the composition of the matter and to add to or subtract from the word-spaces of the line prior to the final representation, a further object of my invention being to compose and represent upon suitable representa- [5 tion paper simultaneously with making a readableimpression, so that proof-corrections may be made prior to final representation.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1'. is a plan view of one half of the machine embodying myinvention. Fig. 1 is a plan view of the remaining half. Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line 1 2, Fig. 1; Fig. 2, a transverse section on the line 3 4, Fig. 1". Fig. 3 is a face view of the machine, partly in section, with parts of the device left out in or der to prevent confusion. Fig. 4 is a diagram plan view showing the electrical connections. Fig. 5 is a plan view of a portion of the variable-feed mechanism; and Fig. 0 is a section Fig. 7 is a view of one of the levers.

In illustrating the mechanism in order to describe clearly my invention I have deemed it best to enlarge the drawings as much as possible, and therefore have placed Figs. 1 and 2 on two sheets each, one half of each figure being on one sheet and the other half on another sheet, and have marked the figures 1 and 1 and 2 and 2 and in order to still further simplify the description of the machine I will divide the specification and describe the machine under special headings, as follows: first, the keyboard mechanism; second, the final represenation or impression 5 mechanism; third, the feed for the final representation or impression mechanism; fourth, the unit recording mechanism; fifth, the space-recording mechanism; sixth, the linerecording mechanism; seventh, justifyingkeys.

The keyboard and mechanism connected therewiih.'lhis keyboard is substantially the same as a keyboard of a type-writer or analogous machines, in which by pressing a key a certain impression is made, depending upon the key pressed. Each key is carried by a lever which is connected to certain opera-tin g mechanism described hereinafter,and in describing my invention I simply allude to one key-lever and mechanism connectedoo therewith, as it will be unnecessary to complicate the specification by alluding to the series.

A is the key-lever, pivoted to common pivot-barA, and extending beyond the pivot A is an arm A having a knife-edge a,which strikes against the cutter-bar B, described hereinafter. Aspringa,connectedtoacrossbar a, tends to keep the lever raised in the position shown in Fig. 2

The representation-paper H passes under the cutting-bar B, and as the key is moved by fin ger-pressu re the knife-edge passes through the paper, thus making an incision or perforation nntil coming in contact with the cutting-bar B. A spring J on the cross-bar J 2 tends to keep the paper always in contact with the cutter-bar.

Each character-key is connected to a typelever A pivoted at a in suitable bearings on the frame, the type-levers being connected to the key-levers each by a rod A so that as each key-lever is pressed it will throw its type A into position under the proof-ribbon E and inking-ribbon F, described hereinafter, making the proper impression on the proofribbon. This proof-impression is made simultaneously with the incision of the representation-paper by the knife-edge a, so that it will be seen that each character as it is im- 0 pressed makes two independent representations, one being a readable character-representation, While the other is a representation consisting of an incision in the representation-paper H, said incisions being of such a 5 character that when the paper passes upon the secondbar mechanism is so thrown into operation as to effect the formation of the final impression, as fully described hereinafter. 1 too The characters vary in size, being graded by What is known as unit-measurement. In the present .case they vary from two to five units, according to the Width of the type.

For instance,the two-unit letters include such letters as "i and the several punctuationcharacters, while the five-u nit characters are such letters as WI and W of the upper case. In this instance the single unit is not used in the type-representation, but only for a purpose described hereinafter.

The normal word-space is represented as three units, so that in the justification, described hereinafter, units may be subtracted from or added to this normal space, as determined by the length of-line prior to justification.

In order to carry out the unit system and to register or record the units properly, the following arrangement is made: A A A A are four transverse rock-shafts, and secured to these rock-shaf ts are levers a a a a which come in contact with unit-lugs 1 2 3 4 on a rod a having a pawl at its upper end which engages with a unit-recorder ratchetwheel, described hereinafter. On each shaft A to A are levers A connected to their respective key-levers A through links a- ,so that if, for instance, the key-lever A is pressed this lever may be the lever of the letter M, upper case, in which instance it is connected to the arm A on the rock-shaft'A which carries the arm a bearing against the unitlug 4,moving the registration-wheel five u nits.

'Pivoted to the shaft A are levers A Fig.

7, each of which is connected by a'link a to a corresponding lever-arm A on one of the shafts A A A A 'Each lever A is carried beyond its pivot to form an arm A which is provided with a knife-edge ta the same as that of the key-levers A. These levers A cause to be represented, by incisions or perforations on the representationpaper H, the spaces taken up by the different characters, whether one, two, or more units, so that the feed ofthe matrix-carriage or finalrepresentation carriage will be regulated at the proper time in respect to the impression of each character upon the matrix or finalrepresentation sheet.

Extending underneath and in contact with the key-levers A is a feed-bar B, pivoted also to the shaft A. On the bar B is an arm B connected to the ratchet-feed mechanism B for the representation-paper H,so that as each key or character lever is pressed this'pressure is transferred to the paper-feed, so that the paper will be fed a certain distance at each incision or impression. This bar B has also an arm B connected to a pawl b, which acts upon a ratchet F, pivoted at f, to feed the inking-ribbon F of the proof mechanism.

0 is a space-key lever pivoted to a shaft C, and has an arm C connected by a link 0 to a lever C hung to the pivot-rod A. This lever has a pin 0, which bears upon the arm B of the paper-feeding device, so that as the mechanism, described hereinafter, so that every space is properly registered or recorded upon a suitable dial.

There are also two keys on the keyboard, one of which is the carriage-key and the other the line-key. By pressing the line-key the.

line-registering mechanism is operated so as to move the arrow one notch, described fully hereinafter.

I will now'd escribe the mechanism by which the final impression is made.

Situated at a certain distance from the block Bis a second block D. the two blocks is preferably more than the length of line to be printed, as it will be understood that the mechanism composes at least one line ahead of the final-impression mechanism, so that while the operator is composing one line and making a proof thereof the machine is impressing or printing the previously-composed line, as it will be understood that after a line is composed and a proof taken the operator reads the dials and sets the justifying apparatus prior to the composition of a second line, but after this matter is justified the operator can start a fresh line and the ma- The distance between- The lever C has a chine will then take care of itself and pro.-

duce a final and properly-justified line. The bar D is grooved on its under side and under this grooved bar passes the paper H, which has been previously perforated. Directly under the bar D is a series of knife-edges (I, each knife-edge being carried by a lever D, mounted on a pivot-rod D There are the same number of levers D as there are keylevers A and unit-levers A Under the levers D is a bar d, between which and the under side of the levers D is a series of small springs d tending to keep the levers always against the under side of the paper, so that when the perforations made by the knifeedges a pass under the bar D the levers D will be forced through the perforations and make contact with the bar D, as the barD is a terminal of an electric circuit shown by the wire as, which extends to a battery X, Fig. 4, and is also a terminal for a circuit indicated bythe wire 5, which extends to the battery Z, Fig. 2

Each of the levers D is the other terminal for the circuit 2, and the wires that are connected to the differ ent'levers Dare attached to their respective magnets G, each of the magnets being connected toacommon returnwire .2 to the battery Z, so that it will be seen that as soon as a perforated portion of the ICC engages with a reciprocating bar G when the armature is drawn toward the magnet, Fig. .2. The opposite end of this hooked arm is attached to one arm of a lever 1-1, pivoted at h, and carrying at its opposite end the impression-type h for making the final impression or matrix. The letter impressed by the type it will be the properletter, as indicated on the proof-recording ribbon as well as on the representation-paper, so that the letter or character in the proof and the final impression will agree in every respect.

I will here state that the proof-type may be of different character from that of the final impression and of different size, as the prooftype might be large and readable, when it is necessary to make the final impression with minute type.

The bar G is reciprocated from the shaft G on which are'mounted eccentrics G connected to the bar at 9, so that as the shaft revolves the eccentrics give the bar the proper reciprocation. It will thus be seen that the bar type-levers H and the connectinglevers G can be made heavy enough to withstand any amount of pressure, and consequently any depth of matrix may be made.

As shown in Fig. 4, there are five additional levers D at the end of the shaft in line with the unit-levers A described above, which are the. fiveunit levers, and additional to these levers are the space, line, and carriage movement keys described above.

On the shaft G5 is a belt G and on one of the retaining-disks of the eccentric is a stoplug 9 on which acts an escapement-lever 9 which has a reciprocatory movement toward and from the shaft as each impression is made, the lever being in this instance connected to the end of the lever of the arm B so that it acts whenever the bar B is depressed.

Pivoted to the escapement-lever at g is a short lever g*, which forms an extension of the escapement-bar so that the shaft will turn only one revolution at each movement of the cross-bar B. WVhen the rod g is moved in the direction of the arrow, its end will come under the lug g and the end of the arm will move from under the lug, and when the rod moves in the direction opposite to that shown by the arrow the lug will be released and the shaft will be revolved by the belt on the belt-wheel until the lug comes in contact with the arm g, which has returned to its original position. The shaft will be stopped by this lug until the operator strikes another key on the keyboard and releases the shaft, as above described.

The feed of the paper His as follows: is a paper-receiving roller, the paper passing from under the bar D between two frictionrollers 15 13 the top roller B being merely a bearing-roller, while the roller 13 is driven. On the end of the roller B is a ratchet-wheel B acted upon by a pawl 19 on an arm b pivoted to the shaft of the roller 13. This arm 11 V is connected to the arm B by a rod b Thus it will be seen that at each movement of the arm B the paper will be moved one space, as clearly shown in the drawings.

I will now describe the mechanism for the final representation.

I is the fin til-representation or matrix cylinder, mounted on a shaft 1 and carried by a frame 1 having ratchet-teeth, as shown, and acting on these ratchet-teeth is an escapement-arm iof a hub 71, mounted on a shaft 2' An arm 6 of this hub is connected to a hooked rod '6 the book of which can be thrown into engagement with the reciprocating bar G through the medium of a magnet 2' which is in the circuit shown by the line 2 one end of this wire being connected tothe line-lever D, so that at the end of each line the magnet will draw the arm i and the bar G will vibrate the hub t" and move the carriage one notch,

as it will be remembered that in this particular construction the cylinder is turned as each letter-is impressed, and is moved longitudinally after each line is completed,which is the reverse of the construction usually adopted in type-writers. A weight 1 attached to a cord t, which is connected to the carriage I and passes over a roller 1, tends to feed the carriage in the direction of the arrow when released by the escapement.

The cylinder 1 slides on but turns with the shaft 1, and is turned by the dictation of the ratchet-wheels J J J J J which are secured to the shaft. Pivoted to a rod J, at the side of the ratchet-wheels, is an arm J hung to which is a lever J having two armsjj, one a pawl and one an armature arm, and above the armature of each leveris a magnet. There are five magnets K K K K K These magnets are in the circuit m, Fig. 4, which passes through the battery X, over the wire 00 to the plate D, which is one terminal, and through the wires a' :0 m 00 to the levers D on the end of the shaft D These levers, as before described, have knife-edges d, which pass through perforations in the paper and make contact with the barD and complete the circuit, so that it will be seen that if the key of the letter M is pressed it punctures the paper to make the final impression M, and likewise makes an impression in the paper to represent five units on the unit-measurement column, so that as soon as this perforation comes in line with the bar D the lever D, representing the character M,passes through the paper and makes contact'with the bar D, the lever D, representing five units, also passing through this perforation of the paper and making contact with the barD,so that the circuit m, as well as the circuits .2, is completed, the latter picking out the final representation M, while the former energizes the magnet K lifting its lever into position in front of a vibrating arm N on an upright shaft N, which moves the fiveunit ratchet J the proper distance, which in moved forward, forcing one or other of the levers J 7 forward, depending upon which one is moved in the line of the arm to the proper distance, whether one unit or five units.

A detent-lever N pivoted to a bar N engages with the ratchet-teeth and prevents their return movement, as clearly shown in Fig; 6. A spring n, connected to one arm of the lever and to a part of the machine, keeps the detent-lever always in gear with the ratchet. To throw the 'detent clear of the ratchet, however, I provide an arm n, which passes under a portion of the frame and holds the detent clear of the ratchet when circumstances require. The detent-lever N also has a bar n extending under a series of levers J so that when the deten't-lever is lifted it lifts the lever J 7 clear of the ratchet-wheels, thus allowing the free return movement, which is eifected by the spring 1 as clearly shown in Fig. 2*.

I have now described the mechanism which will print a readable representation on proofpaper and will puncture, perforate, or indent a sheet of paper, which in turn makes suitable electrical connections by which the final representations, eitherin matrix or other final form, are made, and will so arrange the typeimpressions that each letter of the final impression will be composed of a certain number of units, depending upon the width of the letter, but all the lines of the page will not be of thesame length, and there-fore will not be justified on the right-hand side without further manipulation. I will hereinafter describe the mechanism for justifying the line.

The several recording mechanisms.-The

unit-recording mechanism (shown clearly in Figs. 2 and 3) is operated through the vertical bar a connected to an arm 19, carried by a sleeve on a shaft P. This arm 19 carries a pawl 19", which engages with a ratchet-wheel 19*, fast on the shaft P. This shaft P carries an arm P in which slides a pointer P indicating on a dial P each unit on the line being composed, so that if the key of a letterof two-unit measure is pressed two units are indicated on the dial, and if a three-unitletter is pressed three units are indicated, and so on. The dial ranges from 1 to 120., and the unit-marks are arranged in two rows, and the pointer has a pin 10 which rests in a groove, so that when it revolves from 1 to it is moved so that the end of the pointer will come on the second line, and then it moves around this line, thus indicating the number of units on the line.

On the dial is a row of additional units representing twenty units from the end of the line and fifteen units beyond the end of the line, so that if the line does not register precisely with the unit measurement, say, for instance, it comes at 115, it is five unitmarks from the end of the line, and the operator can see at a glance that he has five units to make up in spaces, but if the latter extends to, say, 1,25 his line is five units longer than it should be and he must subtract five units from the word-spaces. hen the pointer reaches the 100 mark, it rings a bell, thus notifying the operator that there are twenty more units before the end of the line is reached, which is substantially the means employed in type-writers of ordinary construction. vVhen the line is finished, the line-recording key R is pressed by the operator, and to this line-operating leveris connected a rod g, which releases the feeding and retaining pawls p and 19 A springattached at one end to the dial and at the other end to the pointer returns the pointer to its normal position at the unit-mark, so as to begin counting the units in a new line. Space-recording mechanism-In the present instance directly under the unit-recording mechanism is the space-recording mechanism S, which is acted upon by the space-key '0 through the medium of the vertical rod 0 which is-connected to the feed-pawl s, pivoted to an arm S mounted on a shaft 8*, which also carries a pointer s, whichpasses across the face of a segmental dial S with the spaceindications marked thereon. Pivoted to a rod 8 is a detent-pawl s to prevent the ratchetwheel S from moving backward. Then the space-key is moved through the medium of the pawl s and rod 0 it indicates one space, and as space after space is made in the line it is indicated on the dial by the pointer. When the line is finished, the operator notices the number of units in the line, and if there happen to be five units less than the required length of line and there are, for instance,seven word-spaces in the line he moves the justifying-keys, described hereinafter, so that the five units will be divided between five spaces, one unit added to each space, thus making five spaces of four units each and the remaining spaces three units each, so that the proper length of line is obtained.

The pawls of the space-recording mechanism are thrown out of gear by the line-lever R in thesame manner asthe unit-recording mechanism, and the pointer is returned to its normal position by a spring.

I will now describe the line-recordin g mechanism. After each line is completed the operator touches the line-recording button on the lever B, pivoted to a shaft R. This arm carries a pawl 7', which engages the teeth of a ratchet-wheel R fast on the shaft R, and on the shaft is an indicating-pointer T, which acts in connection with-a dial R having the line-marks thereon, so that at the end of each line by pressing upon the lever R the pointer is moved one line, and at the same time the pointers of the unit-recording mechanism and the pointers of the space-recording mechan ism are returned to their normal positions, as above described. The detent-pawl r tends to prevent the ratchet from returning. Thus three records are kept, first, of the lines of the page; second, of the spaces of each line, and, third, of the units composing each line, so that the operator can see at a glance the exact condition of the line before the final impression is made, and although while composing the matter in advance the proof is taken immediately upon the ribbon, so that if any mistakes occur in composing the line the operator can read the proof and correct the same by closingthe slot made by the knifeedge at the point the mistake occurs and by making a new slot at the point required before the final impression is made.

As shown in Fig. 1, Q is the paragraphkey, pivoted at Q and connected to a lever A, connected to the pivot-shaft A, and this lever is provided with a puncturing edge a, so as to puncture the paper H at the commencement of each paragraph. The puncture is in line with a lever D, connected to one or other of the unit-magnets, preferably the three-unit magnet, so that when the contact is made the carriage will be moved a space of three units before the first letter of the paragraph is printed or impressed.

Juszfrfying-Zreys.1 will now describe the construction of the justifying-keys, through the medium of which the machine is set to justify the lines when the final impression is made.

Between the keyboard of the machine and the proof-taking mechanism are situated, in the present instance, four justifying-keys T T U U. U is the one-unit excess or adding key; U, the two-unit-adding key, and T is the one-unit-subtracting key,'and T is the two-unit-subtracting key, so that to add units to a shortline the keys U U are operated and to subtract units from a line that is longer than desired the keys T T are operated. All the keys are precisely alike with the exception of different heights of cam, so that a description of one will suffice for all.

t is a vertical shaft having a suitable handle or finger-lever i, by which the shaft is turned. This handle has a pointer 79, passing over a stationary dial i which also acts as a bearin g for the shaft.

Directly below the dial is a cam 15*, which bears against a lug u on a bar V, extending across the machine. The cams t of each of the keys T and U are high cams, while the cams of the keys T and U are short cams, so that if the two keys U U, for instance are moved to make a compound j ustification the cam of the key U will throw the bar away from the cam of the key U and this cam will not come in contact until after the key U has completed its work.

The bar V rests against a stop V when in its normal position, and this stop is electrically connected through the wire 00 with the unit magnet K thence to the battery X and through the wire 00 to the bar D, thus corn pleting the circuit, and consequently moving the carriage three units at the word-spaces.

Directly below each of the justifying-keys is a magnet Win the circuit at, and directly above each magnet is an armature w on a lever to, pivoted at a and carrying an escapement-lever having two prongs 10 to, which act upon double escapement-segments 'u on the shaft i, so that when a perforation comes under the bar D and allows the spacelever D to come in contact with the bar the magnet W attracts its armature, and consequent-ly moves the escapement and allows the cam and its pointer to return one point, regulated by the distance apart of the teeth on the segment A spring t" tends to bring the cams t and the pointer t back to their normal positions.

Each key and its magnet W is connected. as follows: The key T is connected to the magnet K through the wire as, the key T is connected to the magnet K through the wire se and the key U is connected to the magnet K through the wire at and the key U is connected to the magnet K through the wire at, so that the circuit when it passes through any one of the keys will pass to the corresponding magnet, attracting the unitlever, which can act upon the ratchet-wheel on the shaft 1.

Thus it will be seen that when the operator finishes a line and finds that the unit-spaces in the line fall short four units and that there are four word-spaces, for instance, the one unit-key U is moved four points or units, thus throwing its cam into contact with the bar V, which is pushed out of contact with the stop V, and consequently word-spaces in the line which will ordinarily represent three units will now indicate four units, owing to the fact that the current passes through the wire 00 to the key U, through the wire a to the magnet K to the battery X, and, returning to the bar D, completing the circuit, the magnet K attracting the four -unit lever, thus feeding the carriage four units instead of the normal three-unit feed, but if the line falls short seven units in a line having four word-spaces, for instance, the two-unitadding key U is moved three points, taking up and the five-unit magnet K three times, thus adding six units to the first three spaces. The cam of the key U will then clear the bar and the bar will drop back to the single-unit cam of the key U, which Will add one unit to the next space, thus completing the line by adding the seven extra units. The same is the case When the line is a nu mber of units longer than desired, when the subtracting-keys T T are brought into play, operating in substantially the same manner to subtract the units by carryingthe current through the keys to the two-unit and one-unit magnets K and K lifting the one and two unit levers, so as to feed the carriage only one or two units in place of the normal three-unit movement.

I have described one construction of machine embodying my invention, but it will be evident that other forms of machines may be constructed differing from the machine set forth in this specification, as -mechanical means may be used in placeof electrical means, and the electrical connections can be carried out to a greater extent than shown herein, and the machine may be so constructed that instead of the roller I an automatic unit-moving feed-table may be provided, in which case fiat matrices may be used, or the final-representation mechanism may, instead of printing the character, throw in suitable mechanism by which independent types can be cast or set without departing from my invention.

I claim as my invention 1. A machine for typographic purposes provided with means for producing preliminary representation, in combination with means for recording the units thereof, to govern the production of the final justified representation.

2. A machine for typographic purposes provided with means for producing preliminary representation, in combination with means for recording the units thereof, and a Wordspace record, to govern the production of the final justified representation.

a 3. A machine fortypographic purposes,pro vided with means for producing a preliminary representation and means for recording the unit Widths of the characters and of the normal Word-spaces in a represented line, with means for indicating the number of units the represented line is short of its standard length.

4. A machinefor typographic purposes pro-' vided with means for producing a preliminary representation and means for recording the unit Widths of the characters and of the norjustify the line.

mal word-spaces in a represented line, with means for indicating the number of units the represented line is in excess of its standard length.

5. Amachine for typographic purposes provided with means for producing a preliminary representation, in combination with means for making a readable impression, and devices for recording-the units and Word-spaces of said representation.

6. A machine for typographic purposes provided with means for producing a'preliminary representation and devices for recording the units and Word-spaces of said representation in combination with a series of differential devices to control the spaces in the final representation with reference to the excess or shortage in unit measurement of the preliminary representation.

7. A machine for typographic purposes provided with a unit-record and a Word-space record and means to justify the line.

8. A machine for typographic purposes provided with unitand Word-space recording devices, and means adapted to be set by the operator from the recorded indications to 9. A machine for typographic purposes provided with means for producing a preliminary representation, in combination with means for recording the number of word-spaces represented, and means to justify the line.

10. A machine for typographic purposes, provided with means for producing a preliminary representation both of the characters and the word-spaces, with means to justify the lines.

11. A machine for typographic purposes having keys and a preliminary-representation device with represented Word-spaces in combination with feeding devices for the final representation and means controlled by the represented Word-spaces for conn'ectingjustitying-keys with the feeding devices to justify the word-spaces.

12. A machine for typographic purposes having a preliminary-representation device, in combination with unit and word-space recording devices, and means adapted to be set by the operator from the recorded indications to justify the line;

In testimony whereof I have signed my. name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ISAAC RISLEY.

\Vitnesses:

JNo. E. PARKER, HENRY HOWSON. 

